Monday, March 27, 2017

Political Cartooning Part III

April 2017
An analysis of the last 100 years of political cartoons

While doing research on the political cartoons for the last one hundred years, I noticed that many of today's issues are the same as those from yesteryear--maybe with just a new label or spin. As an art, form the cartoon has become more sophisticated and sometimes darker. However, the sarcasm and free thought have never gone away. 

I reviewed over 100 cartoons, which I can't possibly show here. It's a great way to learn history. As for the majority of the cartoons, I really  don't have a strong opinion, looking at most of them in terms of history or current commentary. 

Additionally, most of the pieces are copyrighted and I am using them under the fair use doctrine since I am attempting to teach the history of cartooning. If you wish to learn more about this topic, I would suggest going online and googling, "political cartoons." You can, as I did, be even more specific and enter the dates you wish to study.

The following is a cross-section of cartoons I thought were pertinent to the time. As you go through them, I'd like you to ask yourself a few questions:
  1. What are the symbols used by the artist?  Does a big ship represent immigrants coming ashore or does it reflect the strength of a naval command?
  2. Is anything exaggerated (face, building, transport) and why? What's the artist trying to get across from the exaggeration?
  3. Does the title (label, caption) help you to understand the cartoon more clearly? Without the label, do you think you may have concluded something else?
  4. What style does the artist use: realism, comic, sketch or another? Do you like the style or would you have done something different?
  5. What medium does the cartoonist use: pencil, black ink, marker, watercolor, computer? What color(s)? What medium do you think works best?
  6. Do you think you could successfully draw cartoons? Have you ever tried? These works are obviously not like the Mona Lisa, but are more basic in style and approach, using symbols, exaggeration, irony, coupled with simple lines and good labeling.
  7.  Why not try it? As I've always said, the best way to learn is through imitation. Take a cartoon that you like and change it to suit your own comment about life.
A step back further to Andrew Jackson: To the Victor Belongs the Spoils 
I thought it was appropriate to begin this last part with Andrew Jackson, whose birthday we just celebrated in March and who appears to be a guiding light for our current president. Known as the "Indian hater" with his Trail of Tears, Jackson also instituted the spoiler system. As soon as he was in office he fired several federal employees, some of whom had been there since George Washington's days, and replaced them with his own friends (although not the best of choices, it would later be known).

Notice the symbols first of all. He's riding a fat pig perched up a base with skulls and money bags labelled  bribery, fraud, spoils and plunder. There are dollar signs on his saddle and the pig. Wow, there's more to learn about Old Hickory than I ever knew. 
That's what is neat about political cartoons, they do make you try to learn their meaning and a whole different history can be learned.



Several of the cartoons appearing below, are mostly self-explanatory. When, I am able to give the title and/or artist's name, I do so.

1890-1920 Gilded Age/Progressive Era




The Bosses of Senate, created by Joseph Keppler from Puck (1889)

Fifty-first Congress (1889) was called Billion Dollar Congress
and criticized for wasting taxpayer's money.


Andre Bowles, Puck Magazine

The Brains
William Tweed, Tammany Hall
Thomas Nast, Harper's Weekly 1871
Anti-trust Cartoon, by Thomas Nast c.1889 



Muckrakers--reporters, cartoonist and authors who seek to point out the corruption of the time. First used by Teddy Roosevelt. Result was the Jungle and How the Other Half Lives.

Next!
Fear of Standard Oil and it's tentacles reaching over the country. Puck 1904


by Clifford Berryman, Washington Star, 1912 Election
Clifford Berryman (1869 – 1949)  

1917 Immigration Act
Just another wall.

1920 Evolution to Teapot Dome scandal




Anti-Catholic movement via KKK





1930s  Cartoon styles start to change. Notice Dr. Seuss; he didn't only draw for kids.








1940s Although some very realistic drawing is appearing, the "comic" look is also taking hold.







1950-70s










Herbert Lawrence Block (1909-2001) 

Herblock, 1963

Herblock

Herblock 1967

Herblock 1968





\
1980-1990

1981
Paul Francis Conrad (1924 – 2010) 



Farm Crisis 1986


Steven Artley 1987
Gary Brookins, 1988
Contemporary Cartoons





Adam Zyglis
Jeff Danzier
Walker Bragman
Robert Ariail
Well, I could go on and on and on. As much as most people like political cartoons, the industry is facing a downturn. People just aren't buying newspapers any longer. But as with anything in life, we all must adjust and modify, and it appears more and more cartoons are being us online via new publications. Just like in any type of industrial change (horse and buggy to automobile), there is always a difficult transition. If you want to learn more about the current state of political cartooning, please go to this link

I hope you've enjoyed reading this series on political cartoons. So now let me ask you again, do you think you can draw a political cartoon from today's news. Try it. You might surprise yourself. Until next month, so long!